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Device Drivers

If you are looking for a concise and easy-to-understand course
on Embedded Linux and Linux Device drivers,

Eligibility

BE / B.Tech in EEE / ECE /EIE

Duration

6 Weeks

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If you are looking for a concise and easy-to-understand course on Embedded Linux and Linux Device drivers, then look no further as we offer an affordable training program on Linux Device drivers. Our training sessions go beyond the basics and provide the desired knowledge level to get the most out of your Linux system. We are dedicated towards offering a comprehensive level course covering varied aspects of Linux device drivers like, Kernel programming, I2C/SPI, USB, PCI and Ethernet drivers.

We offer this course for all those beginners and working professionals who are seeking assignments on Linux kernel programming, device drivers or other core system development requirements. The primary objectives of this training program include

  • Embedded Linux with Yocto framework
  • Introduces Linux Kernel and module programming.
  • Character device drivers and Block device drivers
  • Explains interrupt handling and bottom half techniques.
  • Concept of Kernel synchronization and debugging
  • Concept of device drivers and Linux device model
  • Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O
  • Linux memory management in kernel
  • Device trees
  • I2C/USB/PCI/ Ethernet device drivers

Course Modules

Linux Kernel compilation on X86 Desktop machine (OSL flow model)

  • Linux OS (user space) vs Linux Kernel
  • Types of Devices in Linux OS
  • Kernel Source Tree with git and wget commands.
  • Explore Kernel source tree strcture
  • Configuring, Building and Installing customized Kernel.
  • Boot process on X86 machine
  • Lab Tasks
    1. Download latest kernel version on Ubuntu machine.Configure debug kernel options. Boot Ubuntu machine with customized kernel.
    2. Open grub.cfg file explore the options of new kernel configuration

Embedded Linux

  • Overview of Embedded Linux System Architecture
  • Boot loader, root file system, Boot process on ARM
  • Cross compilation, Tool Chain installation.
  • Lab Tasks
    1. Flash Raspberry Pi SD image,
    2. Cross compile and porting GPIO/I2C application on Raspberry Pi board
    3. Build customized kernel for Raspberry Pi, port on

Modules & Device drivers

  • Mechanism vs. Policy
  • How Applications Use Device Drivers
  • Walking Through a System Call Accessing a Device
  • Error Numbers
  • printk( )
  • The module driver( ) Macros
  • Module parameters, Exporting Modules
  • Lab Tasks
    1. Set up the environment to compile kernel module on Raspberry PI board.
    2. Write a kernel module with capabilities
    3. Access kernel internals from your module.

Character Devices

  • Device Nodes
  • Major and Minor Numbers
  • Reserving Major/Minor Numbers
  • Accessing the Device Node
  • Registering the Device
  • udev
  • dev printk( ) and Associates
  • file operations Structure
  • Driver Entry Points
  • The file and inode Structures
  • Miscellaneous Character Drivers
  • Lab Tasks
    1. Implement character device driver on Raspberry Pi to read memory map

Embedded Linux build system with Yocto

  • Yocto poky reference build system.
  • Building a system image.
  • Writing a minimal recipe, Adding dependencies
  • Development workflow with bitbake.
  • Adding the custom application.
  • Adding the custom library dependent application.
  • Adding custom kernel module.
  • Change the kernel version and apply kernel patches
  • Lab Tasks
    1. Load Kenrel image/cpio/ext4 with QEMU platform
    2. Build Raspberry pi Image with Yocto framework. Start from meta-raspbeerypi layer

Memory Management and Allocation

  • Virtual and Physical Memory
  • Memory Zones
  • Page Tables
  • kmalloc( )
  • get free pages( )
  • vmalloc( ), VM Split, VMA basics
  • Slabs and Cache Allocations
  • Lab Tasks
    1. write kernel module to show information about kernel segments available on Raspberry. vmalloc region, low mem region

Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/O

  • Transferring Between Spaces
  • put(get) user( ) and copy to(from) user( )
  • Direct Transfer: Kernel I/O and Memory Mapping
  • Mapping User Pages
  • Memory Mapping
  • User-Space Functions for mmap( )
  • Driver Entry Point for mmap( )
  • Accessing Files from the Kernel
  • Memory Barriers
  • Allocating and Mapping I/O Memory
  • Accessing I/O Memory
  • Lab Tasks
    1. Write kernel module to display memory map of raspberry

Interrupt handling

  • What are Interrupts and Exceptions?
  • Exceptions
  • Asynchronous Interrupts
  • MSI
  • Enabling/Disabling Interrupts
  • What You Cannot Do at Interrupt Time
  • IRQ Data Structures
  • Installing an Interrupt Handler
    • a. Top and Bottom Halves
    • b. Softirqs
    • c. Tasklets
    • d. Work Queues
    • e. New Work Queue API
    • f. Creating Kernel Threads
    • g. Threaded Interrupt Handlers
    • h. Interrupt Handling in User-Space
  • Lab Tasks
    1. write kernel module to register shared interrupt with ex-isting interrupt, print messages from ISR and bottom half modules.
    2. write kernel module to handle interrupt in user space by using Async I/O

Unified Device Model and sysfs

  • Unified Device Model
  • Basic Structures
  • Real Devices
  • sysfs
  • kset and kobject examples
  • Lab Tasks
    • Program to create sysfs file entries with store and show callbacks

Device Trees

  • What are Device Trees?
  • What Device Trees Do and What They Do Not Do
  • Device Tree Syntax
  • Device Tree Walk Through
  • Device Tree Bindings
  • Device Tree support in Boot Loaders
  • Using Device Tree Data in Drivers
  • Coexistence and Conversion of Old Drivers
  • Lab Tasks
    • Explore device tree of raspberry PI, modify device tree and regenerate new dtb. Boot RP with modified dtb

Platform drivers

  • What are Platform Drivers?
  • Main Data Structures
  • Registering Platform Devices
  • An Example
  • Hardcoded Platform Data
  • The New Way: Device Trees
  • Lab Tasks
    • Go through Xilinx Ethernet platform driver

Kernel Synchronization

  • Critical section
  • Mutex lock
  • Semaphore
  • Spin lock
  • Kernel threads
  • Synchronization in kernel threads, wait events
  • Lab Tasks
    • Create 2 Kernel threads, producer and consumer threads. Synchronize two threds with available tools.

I2C and SPI client driver

  • I2C subsystem
  • I2C Send/Receive data
  • SPI Subsystem
  • Lab Tasks
    • Develope I2C/SPI client Kernel modules for display device /BMP180 sensor

PCI

  • What is PCI?
  • PCI Device Drivers
  • Locating PCI Devices
  • Accessing Configuration Space
  • Accessing I/O and Memory Spaces PCI Express
  • PCI DMA
  • Allocate consistent DMA
  • Scatter and gather allocation
  • PCI interrupt handlers
  • PCI utilities
  • Lab Tasks
    • Go through PCI-Ethernet dirver. Add debug statements Run network traffic, observe the transmit and receive path flow

USB drivers

  • What is USB?
  • USB Topology
  • Terminology
  • Endpoints
  • Descriptors
  • USB Device Classes
  • USB Support in Linux
  • Registering USB Device Drivers
  • Moving Data
  • Lab Tasks
    1. Go through USB skelton device
    2. Go through USB enumeration process with USB analyzer logs
    3. Lib USB

Block drivers

  • What are Block Drivers?
  • Buffering
  • Registering a Block Driver
  • gendisk Structure
  • Request Handling

Monitoring and Debugging

  • Debuginfo Packages
  • Tracing and Profiling
  • sysctl
  • SysRq Key
  • oops Messages debugging
  • Kernel Debuggers
  • debugfs
  • Use perf, eBPF, addr2line, kprobe,
  • Debug with performance utilities,
  • Explore phoronix utility
  • Kernel Core Dumps

Pre requisite

Good in C Programming and Linux User space

What we learn:

  • Proper grounding on Linux, its concepts and finer nuances of programming
  • Recall the basic Linux commands
  • Grasp core operating system concepts and module programming
  • Learn about Linux device drivers, thus enabling to start writing driver programs
  • Learn interfacing of device drivers with Linux Kernel
  • Know the skills to do good programming in Kernel mode in Linux

Note :

Participants can attend training with windows/Ubuntu OS machine. (Our lab team will support to install VM Linux)

All lab activities will be conducted on Raspberry PI platform. Participants can access our Raspberry PI boards remotely for practical

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